AAPS: An Adaptive Aggregated Parameter-Based Protocol for Agricultural Wireless Sensor Networks
Md. Saiful Islam Rubel, Nahi Kandil, Nadir Hakem, Mozhan Shirani · 2025
This paper presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of four clustering-based routing protocols—LEACH, DBEA-LEACH, Hybrid, and Adaptive Aggregated Parameter-based Selection (AAPS)—for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) deployed in agricultural environments. Precision agriculture requires scalable, energy-efficient communication strategies to ensure reliable, long-term field monitoring. To address the limitations of static cluster head (CH) selection in traditional protocols, the AAPS model introduces a flexible, multi-parameter CH selection mechanism based on residual energy, distance to sink, and sensing load. These factors are adaptively weighted using tunable coefficients (α, β, γ) to optimize protocol behavior under varying network conditions. Extensive simulations are conducted to compare protocol performance in terms of residual energy, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, sensor reliability, and CH fairness. The findings underscore the effectiveness of AAPS as a robust, energy-aware solution for sustainable agricultural WSN deployments.