Advancing Artificial Intelligence: Insights into the Applications and Challenges of Large Language Models
Malgi Nikitha Vivekananda, Prashant Ashok Shidlyali, Vinayaka Vivekananda Malgi · 2025
Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence by demonstrating extraordinary capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. These models, underpinned by advanced deep learning architectures, have driven remarkable progress across a broad spectrum of fields, including healthcare, education, content creation, and beyond. This paper presents a comprehensive review of LLMs, examining their technical foundations, transformative applications, inherent challenges, and future prospects. Despite their versatility and scalability, LLMs face significant hurdles, such as the high computational demands of training, the propagation of biases from large-scale datasets, and ethical concerns surrounding their deployment. Addressing these challenges requires innovations in model efficiency, interpretability, and regulatory mechanisms to ensure their responsible use. Looking ahead, the future of LLMs lies in harmonizing their transformative potential with inclusivity, sustainability, and ethical accountability. By synthesizing the current state of research and identifying key opportunities, this review aims to inform and inspire further advancements in the development and application of LLMs.