UniVoxel: A Novel Framework for 3-D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicles With Multimodal Voxel Representation
Kaiqi Liu, Yuanyuan Deng, Jiaxun Tong, Wei Li · IEEE Sensors Journal · 2025
Fusing camera and LiDAR information is one of the effective means for achieving robust 3D object detection. However, current 3D multi-modal methods typically rely on independent branches to extract features from different sensors separately, leading to underutilization of complementary information. In this paper, a multi-modal detector named UniVoxel is proposed, which is built on a query-based detection paradigm. The UniVoxel integrates inputs from various modalities into the voxel representation for fusion. Specifically, a Semantic-guided Query Generator (SQG) is proposed, in which the low-level voxel features are utilized to adaptively sample multi-scale image features, producing unified multi-modal voxel features. The multi-modal voxel features contain both the geometric and semantic information of the voxels and can ensure that the model focuses on the Regions of Interest (RoI). Meanwhile, for maximizing the utilization of complementary information, a Fusion Voxel Encoder (FVE) is introduced to update the multi-modal voxels through interacting with the multi-scale semantic information of different cameras. Extensive experiments are conducted on the nuScenes dataset. With the help of the proposed framework, the precision of the object detection has been improved both on the validation set and the test set.