A Comparative Analysis of NLP Text Annotation Tools
旭红 钟 · Modern Linguistics · 2025
大语言模型是人工智能算法在自然语言处理领域的具体应用。数据标注作为训练大语言模型的关键环节，其质量直接决定大语言模型的效能。在数据标注的完整体系中，文本标注占据核心模块的地位。文本标注旨在将自然语言环境中广泛存在的非结构化文本，按照既定的标注规范和语义逻辑，处理为结构化的数据形式。这一过程所产生的结构化数据，是机器学习算法有效运行以及深度自然语言处理任务高效开展的关键支撑要素。传统人工标注模式存在效率低下、成本高昂及质量参差不齐等固有缺陷。本文基于系统文献分析法，选取13个具有代表性的文本标注工具，在技术架构、数据处理能力、功能三个维度进行对比研究，揭示了现有文本标注工具在可用性、可配置性、标注效率、预标注等方面的优势特征与技术瓶颈。本文相关发现有望为下一代文本标注工具的构建提供部分理论依据，并为其技术发展提供一定的思路借鉴，对自然语言处理领域标注范式的探索提供新的方法参考。Large language models (LLMs) represent the specific application of artificial intelligence algorithms in the field of natural language processing (NLP). As a critical component in training LLMs, the quality of data annotation directly determines the effectiveness of these models. Within the complete framework of data annotation, text annotation occupies a core position. Text annotation aims to process the unstructured text widely present in natural language environments into structured data forms according to predefined annotation specifications and semantic logic. The structured data generated through this process serves as a key supporting element for the effective operation of machine learning algorithms and the efficient execution of deep natural language processing tasks. Traditional manual annotation models suffer from inherent drawbacks such as low efficiency, high costs, and inconsistent quality. This paper employs a systematic literature analysis approach to select 13 representative text annotation tools for comparative study across three dimensions: technical architecture, data processing capabilities, and functional features. The study reveals the advantageous characteristics and technical bottlenecks of existing text annotation tools in aspects such as usability, configurability, annotation efficiency, and pre-annotation functionality. The findings of this research are expected to provide partial theoretical foundations for the development of next-generation text annotation tools, offer innovative insights for their technological advancement, and provide new methodological references for exploring annotation paradigms in the field of natural language processing.