Hate Speech Trials of Politicians
Joost van Spanje, Rachid Azrout · 2025
Abstract This chapter discusses the cases. The first part of the chapter offers an overview of the 51 cases pertaining to 42 politicians in 9 countries that we deal with in our book. Starting from a 2009 citizen survey in 21 countries and a 2017 expert survey run in the same 21 countries, we systematically narrow down our selection of countries under study in this book. Following on from this, we describe each of the cases, grouped by country in alphabetical order. In the second part of the chapter, while reviewing the cases we argue that they fall under two rubrics. We elaborate on our division into these two groups, and on what the politicians in either group have in common.