Video encryption using structured phase masks and elliptic curve-based pixel scrambling in Fourier domain
Shalu, Phool Singh, A. K. Yadav · Journal of Modern Optics · 2025
This study examines video encryption using the well-established optical technique of double random phase encoding (DRPE). We first divide the input video into individual frames and apply the DRPE method to each frame separately. To assess the security of DRPE in video encryption, a chosen-plaintext attack is performed, exposing its vulnerabilities in handling video data. To enhance encryption security, we propose a novel scheme that integrates elliptic curve-based pixel scrambling with DRPE. In this approach, structured phase masks derived from a devil's vortex toroidal lens (DVTL) are employed instead of traditional random phase masks. The use of DVTL-based structured phase masks resolves the axis alignment issues typically encountered in optical setups. The new algorithm is validated with grayscale, medical, and binary videos, with its implementation carried out digitally in MATLAB R2023b. Frame analysis was performed using visual tools such as histograms and 3D plots. The scheme's effectiveness is measured using various metrics, including information entropy, mean squared error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, correlation coefficient, and structural similarity index measure. Additionally, the scheme's sensitivity to encryption keys such as elliptic curve parameters has been tested, and its resistance to occlusion attacks has been evaluated. The proposed approach's susceptibility to cryptographic attacks such as chosen-plaintext attacks has also been thoroughly analysed.