Rubikon: Intelligent Tutoring for Rubik's Cube Learning Through AR-enabled Physical Task Reconfiguration
Haocheng Ren, Muzhe Wu, Gregory Thomas Croisdale, Anhong Guo, Xu Wang · 2025
Figure 1: Rubikon is an intelligent tutoring system for Rubik's Cube learning.(a) The foundational design of Rubikon is an AR setup, where learners manipulate a physical cube with ArUco markers attached to each square, and pose a camera towards the cube to enable tracking and rendering.With this setup, learners see a rendered Rubik's Cube on a display while manipulating the physical cube in their hands.(b) Through AR rendering, Rubikon automatically generates new configurations of the Rubik's Cube for the user to practice unmastered skills.Rubikon detects the status of the cube to infer user behavior and provide immediate feedback and hints.(c) Rubikon supports the learning of a 3D physical task by integrating key design principles of cognitive tutors which have seen success in tutoring math and programming.