Trends and Challenges in Modern Software Engineering: A Comprehensive Review
Pallavi N · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · 2025
This comprehensive review explores the dynamic evolution of modern software engineering, focusing on emerging trends and persistent challenges. Key areas include the integration of advanced technologies such as Large Language Models (LLMs), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and cloud-based microservices, which are reshaping software development practices. Agile methodologies and DevOps have become central to promoting flexibility, rapid delivery, and collaboration. The study also highlights significant challenges, particularly in requirements engineering, code review processes, and managing technical debt. Security and privacy concerns are emphasized due to increasing system complexity and evolving cyber threats. Additionally, the shift to remote work has intensified the need for effective collaboration tools and processes. Sustainability emerges as a critical theme, with green software engineering practices gaining prominence. The review synthesizes insights from over 100 research studies, providing a detailed overview of current practices, risks, and opportunities. It concludes by advocating for continuous research, standardized practices, and the thoughtful integration of emerging technologies to ensure effective, secure, and sustainable software development. The findings serve as a guide for researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders navigating the complexities of contemporary software engineering.