MPUrge: Merge, Purge, and Urge Multipath Fingerprints into Virtual Transmitters
Majdi Abdmoulah, Eckehard G. Steinbach · 2025
With the advent of 6G networks, accurate and reliable location information is increasingly critical for location-based services and joint communication and sensing. In indoor localization (IL), virtual transmitters (VTs) have shown significant potential, particularly in mmWave-dominated 6G environments where specular reflections prevail. Multipath Delay Profile (MDP)-based VT construction algorithms match multipath components (MPCs) delays across multiple reference points to derive anchor-distance pairs, which serve as input for VT trilateration. While relying solely on delay information is advantageous, existing MDP-based approaches suffer from inaccuracies, noise sensitivity, high computational complexity, and extensive data requirements. This paper presents MPUrge, a novel tri-phase iterative MPC matching algorithm that employs a greedy strategy with advanced filtering mechanisms, balancing match quantity and quality while ensuring accurate VT localization based solely on delay data. Experimental results show a 4-to 10-fold improvement in VT construction accuracy and approximately 17% reduction in execution time. MPUrge outperforms state-of-the-art methods in accuracy, robustness, and efficiency while reducing computational requirements and data dependency. It is geometry-agnostic, scalable, and adaptable to any indoor environment. Additionally, MPUrge assigns a confidence score to each VT, enhancing localization system reliability and interpretability.