Learning-assisted schedulability analysis: opportunities and limitations
Sanjoy Baruah, Pontus Ekberg, Marion Sudvarg · Real-Time Systems · 2025
Abstract We present the first (to our knowledge) Deep-Learning based framework for real-time schedulability-analysis that guarantees to never incorrectly mis-classify an unschedulable system as being schedulable, and is hence suitable for use in safety-critical scenarios. We relate applicability of this framework to well-understood concepts in computational complexity theory: membership in the complexity class NP. We apply the framework upon the widely-studied schedulability analysis problems of determining whether a given constrained-deadline sporadic task system is schedulable on a preemptive uniprocessor under both Deadline-Monotonic and EDF scheduling. As a proof-of-concept, we implement our framework for Deadline-Monotonic scheduling, and demonstrate that it has a predictive accuracy exceeding $$70\%$$ 70 % for systems of as many as 20 tasks without making any unsafe predictions . Furthermore, the implementation has very small ( $$<1$$ < 1 ms on two widely-used embedded platforms; $$<4~\upmu$$ < 4 μ s on an embedded FPGA) and highly predictable running times.