Evaluating the Application of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) Implementation in Nigeria's Banking Industry
Adewale D. Ashogbon, Oscar Okpere · Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering · 2025
The growing number and sophistication of cyberattacks against financial institutions have underscored the need for a more robust cybersecurity framework in Nigeria’s banking industry. This research examines the implementation of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), a contemporary security model that focuses on identity authentication, the principle of least privilege, and micro-segmentation to mitigate threats. The primary objectives were to assess the level of adoption of ZTA principles in Nigerian banks, identify the challenges associated with ZTA implementation, and evaluate the impact of ZTA on cybersecurity resilience and regulatory compliance. A quantitative research approach was employed, and structured questionnaires were used to gather data from IT and security professionals, banking personnel, and regulators. The collected data were analyzed using statistical techniques, such as SPSS, to generate descriptive statistics. The findings indicate a moderate level of implementation, with high adoption of identity verification practices but low adoption of more advanced practices, such as micro-segmentation and real-time authentication. Notable barriers include high implementation costs, difficulties integrating with legacy systems, and a shortage of cybersecurity professionals. However, despite these difficulties, it was found that ZTA had a positive impact on banks' ability to detect and address cyber threats, as well as enhance compliance with regulatory standards, such as the NDPR, PCI DSS, and SWIFT CSP. The research highlights the need to adopt a phased, strategic approach to ZTA integration, bolster regulatory support, and enhance capacity building. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of cybersecurity in emerging economies, providing practical recommendations for policymakers and financial institutions.