Protección de datos personales en la era de la computación cuántica y sus desafíos legales
Yorly Geomar Barzola-Plúas, Delia Paulina Samaniego-Quiguiri, Ronny Alejandro Núñez-Ribadeneyra, Diego Marcelo Bonilla-Morejón · Revista Científica Ciencia y Método · 2023
The article addresses the emerging challenges that quantum computing poses for the protection of personal data, highlighting its disruptive capacity over current cryptographic systems. Through a systematic literature review based on recent academic sources and institutional documents from agencies such as NIST and ENISA, it critically examines how quantum algorithms, such as Shor's, can breach traditional cryptographic methods such as RSA and ECC. Among the main findings, two central risks are identified: the obsolescence of current cryptography and the threat of massive leaks of sensitive data, even those encrypted today with standards considered secure. The study also reveals legal loopholes and an alarming lack of technical criteria in current regulations, which weakens the legal capacity to anticipate these risks. It concludes that there is an urgent need for a proactive and technologically informed regulatory reform that incorporates post-quantum cryptographic standards and promotes international cooperation. The article highlights the need for interdisciplinary responses to preserve privacy as a fundamental right in the new digital environment transformed by quantum technologies.