Causal Graphs and Causal Paths
Aboozar Hadavand · 2025
Abstract This chapter further elaborates on the use of causal graphs, known as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), to represent causal relationships visually. The chapter introduces the basic components of causal graphs, including nodes and directed links, and explains the concept of causal paths, distinguishing them from noncausal paths. We will discuss the importance of identifying and blocking noncausal paths to avoid biases in causal inference. Through practical examples, the chapter illustrates how to construct and interpret causal graphs, laying the foundation for more advanced concepts in causal inference, such as confounding bias.