FR-SFCO: Energy-Aware Offloading on Data Plane for Delay-Sensitive SFC
Bo Pang, Deyun Gao, Xianchao Zhang, Chuan Heng Foh, Hongke Zhang, Victor C. M. Leung · IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management · 2025
Service Function Chaining (SFC) is widely deployed by telecom operators and cloud service providers, offering traffic QoS guarantees and other additional functions for various applications. The network state at the time of SFC deployment can differ significantly from the runtime conditions, leading to excessive resource allocation and consequent energy waste. The existing SFC reconfiguration methods face the challenge of meeting the latency requirements of delay-sensitive applications while achieving significant energy savings. This paper proposes FR-SFCO, a flow rate-aware SFC offloading framework on programmable data planes for delay-sensitive flows. Specifically, we designed a TCAM-friendly table matching method for FR-SFCO to reduce the flow entries needed for SFC offloading in programmable switches and support larger numbers of offloaded SFC. Then, we proposed a dual-threshold-based offloading trigger mechanism that, according to the real-time traffic arrival rate, can fast offload SFC flows before they default to servers. Building on this, we propose DQN-AOTA, an adaptive offloading thresholds adjustment algorithm based on Deep Q-Learning, which can wisely change the offloading thresholds by interacting with a dynamic network traffic environment to minimize the packet loss and long-term energy consumption. Finally, we build a testbed using BMv2 software switches and Docker containers for extensive evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution which not only meets the latency constraints for delay-sensitive SFC flows but also reduces energy expenditure by at least 14.6%.