Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks to Optimize the Network Lifetime and Energy
Matteddula Umapriya, Matteddula Thanulatha, H N Chandana, R Shashikiran · 2025
The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is experiencing substantial growth across various domains, including military, health monitoring, and agricultural applications. The wireless sensor network comprises a multitude of cost-effective, intelligent, low-power sensor nodes, along with several base stations or sinks. The essential functions carried out by these sensor nodes include data processing, data transmission, and event detection. Energy consumption during signal transmission and sensing reduces the lifespan of sensor nodes and impacts the overall endurance of the network. An improved strategy is essential for enhancing the longevity of networks while minimizing energy usage. The proposed study project centers on the energy consumption and durability of wireless sensor networks. The extensive network is segmented into clusters, facilitating communication from one hop to another. A cluster head (CH) is designated by the base station (BS), while a cluster member (CM) engages with the CH at each hop, optimizing energy efficiency. Clusters have the potential to conserve energy by reducing the distances over which they communicate. The methods implemented for energy conservation include low-energy adaptive cluster in hierarchy (LEACH), vice cluster head (VCH), cluster-based replica management (CBR_M), and prolong-medium access control-layer trust basedcluster head (MAC-LB-CH). The findings indicate that the extended MAC-LB-CH protocol outperforms the other protocols analyzed, showcasing the highest effectiveness regarding node mortality as the CH, while also reflecting enhanced energy efficiency and overall network sustainability.