Edge-Enabled Distributed Computing for Low-Latency IoT Applications: Architectures, Challenges, and Future Directions
Ramakrishnan Sundaram, Senthilkumar Thangavel, Krishnaiah Narukulla · International Journal of Emerging Research in Engineering and Technology · 2022
IoT technology has been experiencing exponential growth, and to mitigate issues of latency, bandwidth, as well as real-time data processing, edge-enabled distributed computing has been enhanced. Existing approaches to cloud computing are not suitable for satisfying the real-time demands of a number of context-aware IoT applications like smart cities, self-driving cars, industrial controls or health monitoring systems. Fog computing, together with edge computing and Multi-access Edge computing, also helps in performing computation close to the data or at the edge source thereby providing less latency and better performance. Thus, speaking about the basic and peculiarities of edging computing and its distribution, the paper focuses on the comparison of the centralized, distributed, cloud-edge, and tiered approaches. Furthermore, specific issues, including scalability, real-time processing, security, heterogeneity, data consistency, and energy consumption, are introduced and explained to note the difficulty of Large-scale edge-IoT system implementation. Widespread technologies such as 5G are examined, as well as other tendencies connected with AI-driven edge computing, blockchain security, federated learning, and digital twins as possible solutions to these challenges and increase edge intelligence. Moreover, there is a real-time case of smart city traffic management that shows that multi-layer edge architecture helps minimize latency and maximize traffic utilization. Last of all, the paper suggests potential research domains for further research, including future edge architecture, self-organizing networks, edge-aware application development, green edge computing and integration of edge computing with quantum computing. These developments will have a significant role in defining the future of low-latency efficient edge-IoT networks, plant performance, security and scalability in various applications