Exploiting 2D improved Sine-Chebyshev chaotic map and adaptive cellular automata permutation for image encryption
Yiming Zhang, Xiuli Chai, Lvchen Cao, Zhihua Gan, Yang Lu, Xiaodong Xie · Journal of Modern Optics · 2025
Chaotic maps play a vital role in image encryption due to their sensitivity to initial conditions and pseudorandom behaviour. However, traditional 1D chaotic maps suffer from limited randomness and narrow parameter ranges. To address these issues, a 2D Improved Sine-Chebyshev Map (2D-ISCM) is designed by integrating the Sine and Chebyshev maps, offering enhanced randomness and parameter flexibility. In addition, conventional cellular automata (CA)-based encryption often uses fixed evolution rules, limiting security. We propose a cellular automata permutation (CAP) method with adaptive evolution of states (AES), which adjusts evolution rules based on plaintext characteristics. Furthermore, the typical zigzag permutation is unsuitable for non-square images. To overcome this limitation, an enhanced zigzag permutation (EZP) method based on diagonal scanning and element addition (DSEA) is introduced. Finally, EZP is combined with two-way diffusion to improve robustness. Experimental results confirm the proposed method’s superior security, adaptability, and encryption performance.