Integration of Blockchain and Biometrics: Applications, Benefits, and Challenges in Key Sectors
Juan Francisco Prados-Castillo, Eva R. Porras, Konstantinos Sgantzos, Francisco José Liébana-Cabanillas · Biometrics · 2025
The combination of technologies, such as blockchain and biometrics, has emerged as an innovative solution to improve reliability, security, privacy, and efficiency in key sectors, such as banking, identity management, and medical records. Blockchain, with its decentralized and immutable nature, provides a trusted framework for storing and managing encrypted and pseudonymized biometric data, whereas biometrics ensures accurate authentication based on unique user characteristics. This chapter explores the most promising applications of this integration, including multimodal authentication, the protection of sensitive data, and improved digital identity management. However, it also addresses technical challenges such as latency, implementation costs, and legal concerns related to privacy. Through a comprehensive literature review and applied examples, the benefits and limitations of this technological synergy are analyzed, highlighting its potential to revolutionize critical systems in the real economy. This work provides a foundation for future research and developments in the implementation of blockchain and biometrics (you need to make up your mind and keep it all through the paper, either blockchain is with cap and biometrics too or not) in various business and social contexts.