Advances in Requirements Engineering for IoT and CPS: A Survey on Model-Driven Research and Practices
Mirza Rehenuma Tabassum, Sadaf Mustafiz · 2025
The engineering of Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) bring about various challenges due to the inherent complexities associated with such heterogeneous systems. This calls for robust approaches for capturing, modelling, analyzing, and managing system requirements in an effective manner. We present a survey of current research and practices on model-driven requirements engineering for IoT and CPS. We analyze the languages, methods, tools, and model transformations used to deal with the specific challenges arising in this domain. Despite significant progress made over the last decade, the existing literature remains fragmented. Most approaches concentrate on specific phases of requirements engineering, such as specification or validation, and very few address the entire lifecycle from elicitation to management and traceability. Our findings also reveal a significant focus on model transformations to automate requirements engineering tasks. The limited integration of non-functional requirements in the survey also emerges as a prominent finding.