StoreLLM: Energy Efficient Large Language Model Inference with Permanently Pre-stored Attention Matrices
Dan Wang, Boan Liu, Rui Lu, Zhaorui Zhang, Shuntao Zhu · 2025
Energy efficiency has become an important design issue in Large Language Model (LLM) inference systems.The main energy consumption goes to computing.There are studies to reduce computing or to conduct computing in regions with green energy.In this paper, we study an orthogonal perspective.We observe that the attention matrices of the tokens remain largely unchanged across different LLM inference.We argue that there can be over-computing of the attention matrices across different LLM inference in LLM inference systems.As the energy of computing is substantially greater than the energy of storage access, we propose StoreLLM, an LLM inference system where the attention matrices of tokens are pre-stored so that the computing of the attention matrices in any LLM inference can be substituted by storage access.Our analysis shows that it is possible to permanently pre-store the attention matrices of all tokens in storage, and we develop mechanisms to effectively maintain the LLM inference performance.Our evaluation shows that StoreLLM can outperform state-of-the-art LLM inference systems LazyLLM by 1.45× in energy consumption with a sacrifice of 5.05% in delays.With further improvements, StoreLLM-MoE and StoreLLM-PTQ can achieve 2.64× and 2.83× energy reduction as compared to state-of-the-art LLM systems. 1