Comprehensive review of recent developments in visual object detection based on deep learning
Enerst Edozie, Aliyu Nuhu Shuaibu, Ukagwu Kelechi John, Bashir Olaniyi Sadiq · Artificial Intelligence Review · 2025
This comprehensive review looks into the recent developments in visual object detection, focusing on the transformative effect of deep learning (DL) technologies. In object detection, computer vision is a basic issue. This involves object detection and location in the video and image frames, which has notable advantages in robotics, autonomous driving, medical imaging, and surveillance. This review, therefore, presents a thorough integration analysis in visual object detection of the latest developments, providing both the historical context and state-of-the-art analysis. This review categorizes current methods into one-stage and two-stage frameworks, studying their architectural innovations, detection accuracy, computational speed, and deployment readiness. This review further scrutinizes the performance measures, emphasizes the inevitability of large-scale annotated datasets, and provides a curated overview of the widely used datasets in the field. Notable features include a discussion of practical applications and current research trends, and a comprehensive comparative analysis that compares models based on accuracy, speed, and trade-offs. A unique addition of this work is a thorough comparative analysis table that benchmarks traditional and modern models in terms of mean Average Precision (mAP), frames per second (FPS), advantages, limitations, and the coverage of transformer-based models and real-time deployments. The review’s holistic approach provides significant insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand, benchmark, develop, or benchmark object detection systems.