Dynamic Anomaly Threshold based Malicious Behavior Detection in LoRa-Assisted Industrial IoT
Subir Halder, Amrita Ghosal, Thomas Newe, Sajal Kumar Das · 2025
Smart manufacturing, powered by Long Range (LoRa) communication-assisted Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), offers significant benefits but also incurs security concerns due to device compromise. In addition, various application scenarios and inherent heterogeneity of IIoT devices induce significant challenges for reliable behavior detection of compromised devices. While existing work is mostly on detecting compromised devices and there exists limited work on modeling system behavior, an open question is how to model the per-device behavior in an IIoT deployment and how behavioral changes can be automatically adapted in different scenarios. This paper proposes Misbehav, a novel self-learning device behavior anomaly detection system to detect sophisticated and stealthy attacks. First, Misbehav builds the behavior model per device using events and actions, which enables us to define acceptable and permissible actions. We use an autoencoder based unsupervised approach to train the per-device behavior model and detect malicious actions. This approach guarantees that Misbehav not only detects known attacks, but is equally capable of detecting zero-day attacks. We evaluated Misbehav on a data set collected from standard heterogeneous LoRa devices. Our results show that Misbehav exhibits a significant improvement in robustness, accuracy, and latency. In particular, Misbehav improves the detection accuracy by over 88.25% under different evasion attacks and reduces the detection latency by 11.94% than the state-of-the-art solutions.