Energy-Efficient Data Transmitters Achieving Energy Per Bit Beyond CV 2 Limitation
D. H. Shin, Youngwoo Ji, SeongHwan Cho, Taekwang Jang · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · 2025
This article presents adiabatic data transmitters using stepwise driving to improve the energy efficiency of low data-rate sensor nodes beyond theCV2limitation. Stepwise driving is applied to NRZ and PAM-4 modulations, supporting data rates of hundreds of Mb/s, required by micro-controller peripheral I/O interfaces in sensor nodes. Fabricated in 22nm CMOS, the proposed transmitter drivers achieve over 64% energy savings at 200 Mb/s compared to conventionalCV2drivers.