Advanced Image Ciphering: 1-D Group Cellular Automata and S-Box Strategies
Biswarup Yogi, Satyabrata Roy, Umashankar Rawat, Shweta Redkar · 2025
This work explores advanced methodologies for encrypting images by utilizing one-dimensional Group Cellular Automata (1-D GCA) and S-Box techniques, with a focus on their pivotal role in ensuring the security of digital images. The proposed approach amalgamates Cellular Automata and S-Box mechanisms within a framework of symmetric-key cryptography to augment the strength of encryption. Through the generation of pseudorandom sequences using 1-D GCA and the utilization of S-Box for substitution, the method accomplishes efficient pixel diffusion and confusion. The assessment criteria demonstrate noteworthy enhancements: Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) at 99.9864%, Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) at 33.6130%, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) at 9.2336 dB, and Mean Squared Error (MSE) at 0.1193. These findings underscore the robustness of the algorithm against statistical and differential attacks. The study justifies the promise of integrating GCA and S-Box strategies to reinforce cryptographic systems, proposing future avenues for enhancing computational efficiency and broadening applicability across diverse digital contexts.