Robust digital image watermarking using hybrid optimization technique
Alina Dash, Kshiramani Naik, Priyanka Priyadarshini · 2025
Multimedia data, accessible online through images and videos, is highly susceptible to duplication, modification, and easy dissemination due to its digital format. The expansive reach of the internet enables swift transfer of data with a simple click, prompting the need for safeguarding multimedia content. Digital watermarking has emerged as a crucial solution to address this challenge. Its applications span copy control, broadcast monitoring, video authentication, fingerprinting, and copyright protection, witnessing a substantial rise. Watermarking involves embedding secret data, known as watermarks, within multimedia files without altering the perceptibly of the original content. This technique acts as a shield against illegal copying and alterations, ensuring the integrity of multimedia documents. Specifically, the proposed method, termed robust digital image watermarking using hybrid optimization, amalgamates discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transforms (DCT), bacterial foraging optimization (BFO), and grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), which are conventionally utilized individually. Through a comparative analysis highlighting various attributes, the combined approach demonstrates superior performance over preceding methods. By integrating these techniques, the shortcomings of each approach are mitigated and optimized scaling factors are found for embedding data.