A Scalable FPGA Architecture With Adaptive Memory Utilization for GEMM-Based Operations
Anastasios Petropoulos, Theodore A. Antonakopoulos · IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems · 2025
Deep neural network (DNN) inference relies increasingly on specialized hardware for high computational efficiency. This work introduces a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based dynamically configurable accelerator featuring systolic arrays (SAs), high-bandwidth memory (HBM), and UltraRAMs. We present two processing unit (PU) configurations with different computing capabilities using the same interfaces and peripheral blocks. By instantiating multiple PUs and employing a heuristic weight transfer schedule, the architecture achieves notable throughput efficiency over prior works. Moreover, we outline how the architecture can be extended to emulate analog in-memory computing (AIMC) devices to aid next-generation heterogeneous AIMC chip designs and investigate device-level noise behavior. Overall, this brief presents a versatile DNN inference acceleration architecture adaptable to various models and future FPGA designs.