Distributed Key Relay: OSPF for Effective QKD
Youssouf Drif, Intidhar Bedhief, Symeon Chatzinotas · IEEE Communications Standards Magazine · 2025
With the advent of powerful quantum computers, an emerging quantum-resilient security mechanism within existing networks is crucial. Thus, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which generates symmetric secret keys with Information-Theoretical Security (ITS) for secure point-to-point communication, is present as a solution. Despite QKD’s potential, its deployment is challenging due to significant investment and infrastructure requirements. Using state-of-the-art technology, the maximum distance between nodes is limited to hundreds of kilometers, necessitating multiple nodes to relay keys. For now, QKD Network (QKDN) relies on software-defined networking (SDN) and a central orchestrator, but this centralized approach has limitations. Hence, the main challenge is to select an efficient path between key relays to avoid communication failure. To address these challenges, a more distributed approach could be envisioned. In this paper, we propose to leverage one of the distributed routing protocols, OSPF, to redefine and improve the current architecture. We propose a novel QKDN-based OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) architecture for efficient key relay routing, offering a completely different dimension to the overall network management: we modify QKDN architecture to exploit the OSPF networks and present a QKD-enabled OSPF version capable of computing the best path for key relay, offering a cost-effective and scalable solution for widespread QKD adoption.