A Comprehensive Review on Deepfake Generation, Detection, Challenges, and Future Directions
Sukhwinder Singh · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · 2025
In a world with more watchful eyes and advanced technology, where the whole world is crazy about social media, deepfakes have been recently taking over the world with their popularity having both pros and cons, and have become the main controversial issue to date. Deepfake, with its enormous benefits such as entertainment, marketing, and many more, has also become a scary tool between reality and fiction, misleading information and propaganda, introducing fear and confusion to society, targeting mainly celebrities and politicians with its manipulated, high-quality, realistic content. Various detection methods have been developed to combat such manipulated multimedia. This paper provides a systematic literature review on the current state-of-the-art deepfake and their generation technique. It also summarizes deepfake detection methods in images, videos, and audio on the grounds of their technique, methodology used, performance, accuracy, and detection techniques such as existing algorithms. It also discusses in-depth publicly available benchmark datasets for multimedia. Considering current deepfake detection faces, it also provides a detailed overview of the current challenge and future research directions. This paper presents current achievements and displays the current research status of state-of-the-art deepfake detection for multimodal.