An Architecture and Protocol for Decentralized Retrieval Augmented Generation
Tobias Hecking, Thorsten Sommer, Michael Felderer · 2025
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted approach for the integration of knowledge bases and large language models (LLMs). This paper proposes a decentralized software architecture for RAG, where retrieval, augmentation, and generation components are operated independently by distributed entities. This approach addresses challenges like efficient usage of resources when building LLM-based software systems as well as data protection issues in centralized systems. By allowing data providers to implement their own retrieval mechanisms, they fully retain control over data access and the flexibility to use their own data infrastructure. An interaction platform implements communication between client applications, data providers, and model providers. To standardize this process, the paper introduces introduces an architecture and protocol called External Retrieval Interface (ERI), which ensures compatibility of services, enforces data restrictions, and simplifies the development of decentralized RAG systems.