Harmonizer: A Universal Signal Tokenization Framework for Multimodal Large Language Models
Amin Amiri, Alireza Ghaffarnia, Nafiseh Ghaffar Nia, Dalei Wu, Yu Liang · Mathematics · 2025
This paper introduces Harmonizer, a universal framework designed for tokenizing heterogeneous input signals, including text, audio, and video, to enable seamless integration into multimodal large language models (LLMs). Harmonizer employs a unified approach to convert diverse, non-linguistic signals into discrete tokens via its FusionQuantizer architecture, built on FluxFormer, to efficiently capture essential signal features while minimizing complexity. We enhance features through STFT-based spectral decomposition, Hilbert transform analytic signal extraction, and SCLAHE spectrogram contrast optimization, and train using a composite loss function to produce reliable embeddings and construct a robust vector vocabulary. Experimental validation on music datasets such as E-GMD v1.0.0, Maestro v3.0.0, and GTZAN demonstrates high fidelity across 288 s of vocal signals (MSE = 0.0037, CC = 0.9282, Cosine Sim. = 0.9278, DTW = 12.12, MFCC Sim. = 0.9997, Spectral Conv. = 0.2485). Preliminary tests on text reconstruction and UCF-101 video clips further confirm Harmonizer’s applicability across discrete and spatiotemporal modalities. Rooted in the universality of wave phenomena and Fourier theory, Harmonizer offers a physics-inspired, modality-agnostic fusion mechanism via wave superposition and interference principles. In summary, Harmonizer integrates natural language processing and signal processing into a coherent tokenization paradigm for efficient, interpretable multimodal learning.