Exploring promptable foundation models for high-resolution video eye tracking in the lab
Diederick Christian Niehorster, Virmarie Maquiling, Sean Anthony Byrne, Enkelejda Kasneci, Marcus Nyström · 2025
We explore whether SAM2, a vision foundation model, can be used for accurate localization of eye image features that are used in lab-based eye tracking: corneal reflections (CRs), the pupil, and the iris. We prompted SAM2 via a typical hand annotation process that consisted of clicking on the pupil, CR, iris and sclera for only one image per participant. SAM2 was found to support better spatial precision in the resulting gaze signals for the pupil (> 44% lower RMS-S2S), but not the CR and iris, than traditional image-processing methods or two state-of-the-art deep-learning tools. Providing more frames with prompts to initialize SAM2 did not improve performance. We conclude that SAM2’s powerful zero-shot segmentation capabilities provide an interesting new avenue to explore in high-resolution lab-based eye tracking. We provide our adaptation of SAM2’s codebase that allows segmenting videos of arbitrary duration and prepending arbitrary prompting frames.