Polynomial Formal Verification of Sequential Circuits Using Weighted-AIGs
Mohamed Nadeem, Chandan Kumar Jha, Rolf Drechsler · 2025
Ensuring the functional correctness of a digital system is achievable through formal verification. Despite the increased complexity of modern systems, formal verification still needs to be done in a reasonable time. Hence, Polynomial Formal Verification (PFV) techniques are being explored as they provide a guaranteed upper bound on the run time for verification. Recently, it was shown that combinational circuits characterized by a constant cutwidth can be verified in linear time using Answer Set Programming (ASP). However, most of the designs used in digital systems are sequential. Hence, in this paper, we propose a linear time formal verification approach using ASP for sequential circuits with constant cutwidth. We achieve this by proposing a new data structure called Weighted-And Inverter Graph (W-AIG). Unlike existing formal verification methods, we prove that our approach can verify any sequential circuit with a constant cutwidth in a linear time. Finally, we also implement our approach and experimentally show the results on a variety of sequential circuits like pipelined adders, serial adders, and shift registers to confirm our theoretical findings.