Cryptoconstructionalism
Peter W. Culicover, Giuseppe Freitas Varaschin · 2025
Abstract This chapter explores in detail a widespread practice of derivational approaches to syntax, which we call cryptoconstructionalism. Cryptoconstructionalism is the positing of syntactic devices specifically in order to account for the idiosyncratic semantic, syntactic, and morphological properties of grammatical constructions. Among such devices are: (i) introducing invisible elements into the syntactic structure that bear a meaning associated with the superficial form of that structure, (ii) using such elements, along with formal features, to trigger movement of constituents to certain positions in the structure. We review the roots and early applications of cryptoconstructionalism, especially the use of invisible elements—nodes and features—in the syntax. Proposals covered include Pollock’s account of linear ordering in English and French, Kayne’s antisymmetry theory, and the cartography program of Rizzi and Cinque.