Clustering Categorical Data via Multiple Hypothesis Testing
Lianyu Hu, Mudi Jiang, Yan Liu, Quan Zou, Zengyou He · ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data · 2025
Categorical data clustering is a fundamental data mining problem, which has been extensively studied during the past decades. To date, many effective clustering algorithms for categorical data are available in the literature. However, almost all existing categorical data clustering algorithms did not address the issue of the statistical significance of detected clusters. In particular, how to assess the statistical significance of a set of non-overlapping categorical clusters still remains unaddressed. In this article, we formulate the categorical data clustering problem as a multiple hypothesis testing problem, where the null hypothesis is that each attribute is independent of the given partition of clusters. Then, all individual \(p\) -values from different attributes are integrated to obtain a consensus \(p\) -value through statistical meta-analysis. Thereafter, a significance-based clustering algorithm is proposed in which the combined \(p\) -value is efficiently optimized in an indirectly and incremental manner. Experimental results on 25 real-world datasets demonstrate that our method is capable of achieving comparable performance to state-of-the-art categorical data clustering algorithms. Furthermore, our method has a good capability of determining whether there really exists a clustering structure and assessing whether a given set of clusters is statistically significant.