Fog Computing Challenges and Opportunities in IoT Networks: A Review
Zuhair Ahmed, Shavan K. Askar, Diana Hayder Hussein, Media Ali Ibrahim · Procedia Computer Science · 2025
This review explores the crucial role of fog computing in addressing the increasing demands of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud environments, focusing on its ability to reduce latency, manage large data volumes, and optimize bandwidth by bringing computational resources closer to data sources. The paper highlights three key contributions: first, it discusses significant advancements in fog computing infrastructure, such as the development of scalable fog nodes and improved software solutions, which enhance deployment and management capabilities; second, it examines how fog computing is being integrated with related technologies like IoT, 5G, and blockchain to create efficient, secure, and decentralized systems; and third, it addresses the technical challenges associated with scalability, interoperability, and privacy, emphasizing the need for stronger security mechanisms, resource management algorithms, and standardized protocols. The review also looks ahead to future research directions, particularly the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize fog computing systems and the role of 5G networks in expanding their capabilities. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the state of fog computing, detailing its current advancements, ongoing challenges, and the opportunities it holds for transforming connected and data-driven systems in the future.