Selected Legal Aspects of Biometric Identification in the Banking Sector
Irina E. Mikheeva · Lex genetica. · 2025
One of the most promising areas for providing remote banking and other services is the development of remote identification. Traditional passwords, codes, and messages, the use of which has been seriously compromised in recent years (confirmed by fraud statistics), are being replaced by biometric identification, which helps to remotely identify citizens with a higher degree of accuracy.Currently, various methods of biometric identification are employed in world practice, but the image of a face and voice are most widespread both in foreign countries and in Russia. At the same time, the development of artificial intelligence makes it possible to forge citizens’ data and calls into question their proper security. Biometric data loss can lead to fraudsters using them and causing harm to an individual.The legislator has formed the basic requirements for the protection of citizens’ biometric data. However, the risks that arise from remote identification and storage of biometric personal data remain, which is the reason for the low rates of citizens transferring their biometric data in Russia. The solution to this problem is seen in the application of a combination of technological and legal means. An important technical solution seems to be the use of a distributed registry (blockchain), the individual properties of which could ensure the safety of personal data of bank customers. In addition, it is necessary to enforce civil, administrative and criminal liability against persons who collect, process and store biometric personal data of citizens, including bank managers.