Implementation and Functional Verification of I2C, SPI and CAN frame protocols
S. Karthick, Sunkara Venkatesh, Poluru Sai Chaithanya, Gurram Chethan Sree Royal · 2025
Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) have recently paved the way for a novel approach in the automotive industry where most of the vehicle’s functionalities are controlled through software. This transition requires that the EE architecture be optimized so as to support efficient and reliable inter-subsystem communication. Specifically, this research addresses performance optimization of EE architecture specifically through evaluating and fundamental building blocks such as I2C, SPI, and CAN frame protocols. Inter Integrated (I2C) and Serial Peripheral (SPI) interfacing and protocols are widely used for short range intra system communication and both possess different merits and demerits depending on the requirements for speed, power consumption and complexity. On the other hand, CAN protocol plays a crucial role in real-time communications in essential vehicle applications including powertrain, braking and infotainment. The analysis determines critical sources of inefficiencies and suggests appropriate configurations or protocol adjustments focused on increasing the data exchange rate and overall system dependability. This research work was carried out in Verilog since it gave the hardware description methodology for analyzing these protocols appropriately and it will improve enhanced system protocols in the embedded systems by improving the data transfer rate, minimizing power usage, and adequately developing the error control features. These are important objectives for real time application in Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs).