Visual data security in healthcare and cloud applications using a novel 2D-HCFCM, polynomial chains and NLDSR
Sajid Khan, Hao Peng, Abdul Haseeb, Sardar Usman · Connection Science · 2025
Over the past two decades, numerous encryption schemes leveraging chaotic systems have been developed to ensure data integrity in healthcare and cloud environments. In this paper, we first assess the performance of a two-dimensional Higher Complexity Folium Chaotic Map (2D-HCFCM) and then introduce a robust encryption algorithm for 8-bit and 24-bit images. The algorithm constructs polynomials of 0≤d≤7 with 2D-HCFCM, followed by polynomial chaining and 8-bit conditional logical operation (CLO8bit), driven by ζ(υ)=(⌊csin(x2+y2)⌋+xy)mod2 to introduce additional dynamic control. Furthermore, the Nested Layered with Diagonal Swapping and Relocation (NLDSR) technique introduces nonlinearity and resistance to chosen plaintext attacks. In summary, the algorithm offers an encryption key of 800 bits and demonstrates satisfactory security performance, with a χ2 of 236.0598, an NBCR of 49.7%, and an NPCR value of 99.6389, with optimal computational efficiency. The security analysis confirms that the algorithm is effective in preserving the integrity of visual data.