Cybersecurity education gaps in Spain university business degrees
Alex Vallejo-Blanxart · Journal of Education for Business · 2025
This study investigated the role of university business degrees in Spain in shaping cybersecurity education. The literature review showed that cybersecurity curricular frameworks primarily focus on training the cybersecurity IT workforce, offering little guidance for educating non-IT professionals. We evaluated the official curricula of all business administration degrees in Spain, using the CyBOK framework and refining it with the European Commission’s DigComp framework to improve the relevance of the evaluation. Our analysis revealed substantial educational gaps: 89.6% of the programs fail to cover more than 20% of the DigComp competencies, and none exceed 50%.