Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT): Enhancing Security and Trust in Connected Devices
Jennifer Ifeoma Echenim · International Journal of Science Architecture Technology and Environment · 2025
The rapid proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized modern living by enabling seamless connectivity among billions of devices. However, this massive interconnectivity also introduces significant security, privacy, and trust challenges, particularly due to the centralized architecture of conventional systems. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, immutable, and transparent nature, has emerged as a promising solution to address these vulnerabilities. This review explores the intersection of blockchain and IoT, analyzing how blockchain can enhance the security and trustworthiness of IoT ecosystems. We examine key IoT security challenges, the fundamentals of blockchain technology, and the ways in which blockchain can be leveraged to secure device authentication, data integrity, and decentralized trust. Additionally, we discuss current integration frameworks, limitations, and future research directions. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how blockchain can transform IoT security, offering insights for researchers, developers, and industry stakeholders.