Strengthening Cybersecurity: Strategies for National Governments
Shashi Kant Srivastava · Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce · 2025
The increasing frequency and complexity of cyber threats have necessitated the investigation of cyber security preparedness beyond individual level. To do so, we use social action theory and employ path analysis involving value-oriented and instrumental actions as antecedents of cyber-crime and Cyber Security Preparedness (CSP). We found a significant impact of value-oriented and instrumental actions on cybercrime using global indicators as constructs. We found society’s level of education as the only instrumental action impacting CSP. Our research contributes to cyber security literature bringing forward a unique instrumental requirement for cyber security preparedness. While affluent economies have all the resources needed to promote CSP, our present examination reveals that countries remain under-prepared without the said instrument. On the contrary, the same instrument is also responsible for their over-preparation even when not required.