Optimized Design and Implementation of CRYSTALS‐KYBER Based on MLWE
Song Cheng, J.-Y. Chen, Jianyang Li, Kan Yao, Shunxian Gao, Kangkang Rui, Yijun Cui · Security and Communication Networks · 2025
CRYSTALS‐KYBER is a postquantum key exchange mechanism based on the MLWE problem. At present, it is a major challenge to realize CRYSTALS‐KYBER with high‐performance and low‐resource consumption on the FPGA platform. The design proposed in this paper aims at the high efficiency implementation of CRYSTALS‐KYBER based on the MLWE scheme. In this work, multipath delay commutator–number theoretic transform (MDC‐NTT) and area‐optimized hash unit are employed to optimize the overhead and clock cycle occupancy of the whole implementation. The CRYSTALS‐KYBER public‐key encapsulation circuit requires only 5551 clock cycles to execute, reducing the latency by 38.9% compared to the best existing iteration NTT designs and improving hardware efficiency by 1.6–1.9 times. The maximum operating frequency also reaches up to 225 MHz.