Empowering Adaptive Endogenous Security Trend Prediction Detection for IoT Sensor Nodes
Lihu Zhou, Xiuying Dong, Enli Zhang, Ting Wang, Xiao Zhang, Chong Zhang · 2025
Massively deployed IoT devices require a lightweight design to reduce costs. However, this architecture inherently limits their security, increasing the risk of data breaches and tampering on a large scale. In this paper, we propose CGAD, a model that leverages one-dimensional convolution (Conv1D), gated recurrent units (GRU), and the attention mechanism to analyze multi-sensor time series data at the data gateway from sensing terminals. To achieve this, we generate time series predictions and detect anomalies by comparing predicted values with real data using a threshold-based approach, thereby enhancing data security. To address the labeling problem of massive data, we employ unsupervised learning and design a dynamic sliding window threshold to improve the judgment of time series with varying characteristics. We also used a number of datasets, such as the KW51 railroad bridge dataset and the self-picked temperature and humidity dataset, to evaluate our system. The results demonstrate that our CGAD model achieves recall rates of 98 % and 99 % for anomaly detection on the two datasets, respectively. Additionally, the precision and F1 scores surpass other methods, ensuring cost-effectiveness for massive terminals and addressing the security issues of sensitive data. These advantages contribute to realizing the Internet of Everything.