Autonomous Traffic Prediction for LEO Satellite-Based IoT Based on Satellite Spatiotemporal Features Mapping
Lizeng Gong, Quan Chen, Lei Yang, Zhenglong Yin, Yi Wang · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · 2025
The traffic prediction method for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite-based Internet of Things (IoT) provides prior conditions for addressing challenges in resource allocation and management of LEO satellite-based IoT. However, traditional methods rely on the pre-generation of terrestrial centers, leading to substantial computational complexity and delays when applying prediction results to LEO satellite-based IoT. Therefore, achieving autonomous LEO satellite-based IoT traffic prediction is essential. Unlike the spatiotemporal features of terrestrial IoT, LEO satellite-based IoT traffic is influenced by both satellite dynamics and terrestrial user behavior. Fortunately, real IoT traffic information can be shared between adjacent satellites through Inter-satellite Links (ISL). Inspired by the above, this paper proposes, for the first time, an autonomous LEO satellite-based IoT traffic prediction method. A Spatiotemporal Fusion Neural Network (SFNN) employing a four-layer hybrid neural network architecture is designed to accommodate the unique spatiotemporal features of LEO satellite-based IoT traffic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has low computational complexity and achieves a better prediction performance than the five baseline methods in LEO constellations. Further simulations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy in large-scale LEO constellations, and the algorithm remains applicable under ISL instability and satellite failure conditions.