Unsupervised Contrastive Learning for Time Series Data Clustering
Cao Bo, Qinghua Xing, Ke Yang, Xuan Wu, Longyue Li · Electronics · 2025
Aiming at the problems of existing time series data clustering methods, such as the lack of similarity metric universality, the influence of dimensional catastrophe, and the limitation of feature expression ability, a time series data clustering method based on unsupervised contrasting learning (UCL-TSC) is proposed. The method first utilizes Residual, TCN, and CNN-TCN to construct multi-view representations of spatial, temporal, and spatial–temporal features of time series data, and adaptively fuses complementary information to enhance feature extraction capabilities. Subsequently, positive and negative sample pairs are constructed based on nearest neighbor and pseudo-clustering label information. Finally, a contrast loss function consisting of feature loss, clustering loss, and a regularization term is designed to facilitate the model in achieving compact intra-cluster and sparse inter-cluster clustering effects in the clustering process. The experimental results on the UCR dataset show that UCL-TSC performs well with respect to several evaluation indexes, such as clustering accuracy, normalized information degree, and purity, and is more effective in learning time series data features and achieving accurate clustering compared to traditional clustering and deep clustering methods.