The proposed algorithm is fast, lightweight, simple and offers a 2 factor protection to the data which makes it suitable for low resource devices.

Ravindra Kumar, Ashutosh Singh, Om Prakash · Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography · 2025

In 2016, Beeler et al. [9] introduced the concept of the double Roman dominating function and the double Roman domination number(DRDN) of a graph. Following the same concept, we extend the study and calculate the double Roman domination number of the zero-divisor graph of a commutative ring N and its complement graph. Also, we find the DRDN of the total graph of the ring .

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