Identification of Computer Editing in Electronic Images of Documents as a Task of Forensic Examination
A. F. Kupin, A. S. Kovalenko · Theory and Practice of Forensic Science · 2025
The article considers a number of theoretical and applied issues related to forensic examination of electronic images of documents and in particular: - comparative analysis of normative legal acts carried out with regard to regulation of certain aspects of the activities in terms of electronic images of documents’ application; - indication of differences between electronic documents and electronic images of documents; - formulation of definition of the electronic image of the document computer editing; - description of factors affecting the possibility for identification of computer editing of document electronic images as a means of document forgery; - description of the most typical file formats used for storing, processing and transferring electronic images of documents; examination efficiency demonstration of certain methods and tools by means of the file formate examples in terms of identifying the features that indicate the actions performed on electronic images of documents; - characteristic of the operation principle and functional specifics of Grayscale, RGB and Lab color models used when working with electronic images of documents; capabilities demonstration of each one of them with specific reference; - determination of sequencing and limitations of solving the expert task targeted at fact finding of computer editing of document electronic images and its specific