Physical Modeling with Bond Graphs
Raul G. Longoria, Joseph J. Beaman · 2025
This chapter provides a complete introduction to bond graph concepts. Methods and ways for constructing bond graph system models are described. The use of causality is introduced not only for identifying state variables but also for systematically guiding the derivation of mathematical models as state space equations. Methods for identifying and dealing with derivative causality and algebraic loops are demonstrated. Emphasis in this chapter is on single-port modeling elements, except for two-port elements essential to representing thermal energy storage.