Using Large Language Models for Data Augmentation in Text Classification Models
Bohdan M. Pavlyshenko, М. Ф. Стасюк · International Journal of Computing · 2025
This research considers the impact of data augmentation on multi-class text classification. A diverse news dataset comprising four categories was utilized for training and evaluation. Various transformer models, including BERT, DistilBERT, ALBERT, and RoBERTa, were employed to classify text across multiple categories. Based on the previous research on data augmentation, synonym replacement, antonym replacement, contextual word embedding, and the lambada method for data augmentation were chosen. Three mainstream LLMs were selected to investigate the capabilities of LLMs: LLaMA 3, GPT-4, and MistralAI. These models represent a diverse range of architectures and training data, allowing to assess the impact of different LLM capabilities on data augmentation performance. The performance of the aforementioned transformer models was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, training time, validation, and training loss. Experiments revealed that data augmentation significantly improved the performance of transformer models in text classification tasks, with lambada augmentation consistently outperforming other methods. However, model architecture and hyperparameter tuning also played a crucial role in achieving optimal results. ROBERTa, in particular, required careful hyperparameter adjustment to reach competitive performance levels. Obtained results have practical implications for developing NLP applications in low-resource languages, as data augmentation can help address the limitations of small datasets.