Metaverse for Connected World: Key Enablers, Challenges and Opportunities
Deepanshi, Yash Motiani, Gaurav Singh, Ishan Budhiraja, Haneef Khan, Pronaya Bhattacharya, Kai Fang, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu · Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers · 2025
Metaverse is the convergence of various technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI), which allows users to engage in interactive experiences within a three-dimensional virtual environment. This convergence has been fueled by advances in internet technologies which facilitate highly interactive digital encounters across a wide range of applications. This survey provides an in-depth review of the present status of the metaverse, encompassing an analysis of its diverse technologies. We provide an in-depth study of the interdependence of connected technologies in the development of immersive digital realities. Our review encompasses many aspects, including graphical representation, user interaction and security and privacy protocols. We present an in-depth study of the metaverse’s diverse applications in entertainment, education, e-commerce and social interactions. These applications demonstrate the metaverse’s potential to fundamentally transform how we educate, socially interact with each other, or conduct business. The emergence and acceptance of the metaverse also give rise to significant challenges which include the digital divide, ethical considerations, legal frameworks, privacy and security, as well as the potential implications for mental and physical health. This survey will provide a comprehensive guide for researchers, policymakers and technologists as they navigate the transformative digital frontier of the evolving and expanding metaverse.